Neuroarchitecture | When Architecture Influences the Brain

At the crossroads of neuroscience and architecture, a new field is emerging to meet the fundamental needs of human beings. Neuroarchitecture, driven by the work of Professor Colin Ellard, takes on the challenge of creating environments that positively influence our brains. From office layouts to hospital projects for autistic individuals, this science considers users' reactions to materials and architectural settings. University studies show that spaces have a significant impact on our well-being. OOTI revisits this topic, which could push architecture and construction professionals to rethink how they design and build.

Neuroarchitecture | When the Brain Redesigns Our Spaces

Neuroarchitecture is a discipline that applies knowledge from cognitive neuroscience to understand and optimize how we interact with architectural environments. It scientifically examines how building features influence our brains, emotions, and behavior.

This approach traces back to Jonas Salk, discoverer of the polio vaccine, who found inspiration during a stay in an Italian monastery. This experience led him to found the Academy of Neuroscience for Architecture (ANFA). More recently, in January 2024, Spain hosted its first neuroarchitecture congress.

Neuroarchitecture scientifically confirms what many architects have long practiced intuitively. As architect Íñigo Ortiz puts it, it validates through data what common sense and a connection with nature have always suggested. At the Neuroarchitecture Lab at UPV (Universitat Politècnica de València), researchers use objective technologies to measure neurophysiological responses to different environments.

Core Principles of Neuroarchitecture That Shape Our Behavior

Neuroarchitecture is based on key principles that influence how we interact with our surroundings. These scientifically validated principles demonstrate how architecture can impact our emotions and everyday behaviors.

According to Elisabet Silvestre, the natural integration of buildings into their environment is crucial. Architecture in harmony with its context naturally promotes well-being. Additionally, the WELL certification (which measures indoor well-being) emphasizes the importance of equity and inclusion. As Giovanna Jogger states, “Diversity, equity, and inclusion are strategic imperatives” for creating truly functional environments.

Green and blue spaces also play a central role. Regularly seeing, smelling, and hearing nature improves our mood and health—parks and forests, for example, help reduce stress levels.

Almudena Bustos, project manager for decarbonization at Sanitas, stresses the need to rehumanize buildings, especially for vulnerable populations. Reintroducing natural elements enhances the emotional well-being of individuals with altered sensory perceptions. Textures, materials, furniture, and lighting become even more crucial in conveying a sense of closeness and comfort.

Another essential lever: biophilic design, which incorporates natural elements into built environments and has proven to be a key factor in enhancing well-being—particularly at work. This approach seeks optimal sensory balance, avoiding both overstimulation and sensory deprivation.

Light and Color | Transforming Spaces

Light is a fundamental pillar of neuroarchitecture. Both natural and artificial lighting directly impact well-being, regulate circadian rhythms, and affect daily mood. At the University of Seville, researchers specifically study how lighting influences the health of caregivers and patients, revealing its central role in healthcare environments.

The interaction between light and color profoundly shapes spatial perception. Research at UPV has shown that cool tones enhance cognitive performance and that higher light intensity proportionally increases attention levels. In this vein, Andrea de Paiva, founder of Neuroau, conducted a revealing experiment in an office building in Singapore, testing the impact of different light colors on employee productivity and well-being.

Managing light also requires care to avoid glare and to create harmonious atmospheres.

Neuroarchitecture in Action | Designing Inclusive Spaces

Neuroarchitecture is revolutionizing how we design spaces by incorporating neurodiversity into their conception. As Hajer Atti, architect and PhD candidate at the Institute of Cognitive Science, explains, this discipline allows us to rethink the inclusive city, particularly benefiting autistic individuals who are highly sensitive to their architectural environment.

Therapeutic architecture, developed by Daniel Ejnes, transforms space into a therapeutic ally for patients with neurological disorders. This approach is based on adaptability and modularity, enabling spaces to be adjusted to different sensory sensitivities.

There are already practical applications: the “Autism at Work” program by SAP (a software company) includes customizable workspaces, while at Le Vinatier Hospital Center, Lionel Tabaret designed alcoves offering sensory retreats for patients. In both healthcare facilities and schools, the impact of spatial configuration on learning is now scientifically documented.

As Cristina Vert (WHO) notes, 23% of global deaths are linked to environmental factors, highlighting the vast potential for improvement offered by neuroarchitecture through its measurable benefits for health, well-being, and cognitive performance. A fusion between neuroscience and architecture that is only just beginning.

Sources:

• https://sciencespourtous.univ-lyon1.fr/neuroarchitecture-autisme/
• https://www.lemoniteur.fr/article/neuro-architecture-quesaco.2322933
• https://theconversation.com/la-neuro-architecture-ou-comment-faire-de-lespace-de-travail-un-lieu-de-neurodiversite-de-cohesion-sociale-et-dinnovation-231938
• https://www.geo.fr/sciences/neuro-architecture-quand-larchitecture-participe-au-mieux-etre-des-personnes-autistes-218833